X-Message-Number: 13723
From: "Yvan Bozzonetti" <>
References: <>
Subject: The X-ray generator in QND interferometers.
Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 13:16:13 +0200

The X-ray generator.

I have said before why the x-ray coherence length must be near 10 000 km in
a QND brain reader interferometer. To put that in perspective, the coherence
length of a laser diode is only some mm and the best gas laser on the market
don't go beyond 100 m. With higher energy radiations, the coherence length
falls very fast, so 10 000 km in the X-ray domain is quite a challenge.

In fact it seems utterly impossible with lasers in dipolar mode; Some dye
lasers are able to produce up to 200 correlated photons at the same time.
This process is very slow. The slower the emmission process, the longuer the
coherence length can get. Unfortunately, 10 000 km implies a production time
of 1/30th of a second far too much for dye molecules in the liquid phase of
a dye laser. In fact, no electronics structure in a molecule or an atom can
be protected from destructive interactions for that time. (I'll get back to
that another day)

The simplest solution is then to use the electromagnetics structure of the
nucleus, this one is strongly perturbed by the nuclear force, the leak of
the quark's colour field. The distorted electromagnetics domain is highly
nonlinear and some states have an astounding  longevity: Excited cadmuim 113
decays with a half life of 14.6 years, hafnium 178 has an even longuer life:
31 years, but this is nothing compared to tantalum180 whose decay time in
beyond 10^15 year, 100 000 times more than the age of the observable
Universe. At this scale, 1/30th of one second is not a big requirement.

The energy levels seen in above excited atoms give off high energy
radiations in the gamma ray domain, x-rays are at a lower scale and most
level here are less stable. On the other side, many nuclei have such level
ready to be exploited. In the gamma range, excited atoms are produced by
some nuclear reactions, in the x-ray domain it seems better to use some
coupling between nuclear and electronics level and pump up the nuclear
structure with narrow band radiations from a dye laser.

Ref.
P.Walker and G. Dracoulis, Energy traps in atomic nuclei, Nature, 399,
35-40, 1999.
C. B. Collins et al, Accelerated emission of gamma rays from 31-yr isomer of
178 Hf induced by x-ray irradiation, Phys.Rev. Let., 882, 695,-698, 1999.

Yvan Bozzonetti.

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