X-Message-Number: 18899
From: 
Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 09:44:38 EDT
Subject: Brain reader: MRI + QND

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Brain reader: the integrated solution.

Nano systems may some day repair a frozen body or only a brain. Before that, 
a map of the work to do must be at hand. That map must cover both local (i.e. 
molecular) and larger (cell scale) structures. A molecular sized device can?t 
do that. So, a brain/body reader must be produced. I concentrate on the 
brain, because the body may be build back in a cheaper way with stem cells 
for example.

The best mapping technology, down to cell scale, seems to be magnetic 
resonance imaging (MRI) using laser polarized helium 3. It works on frozen 
object at very low temperature. The picture definition goes down to 
micrometer scale. unfortunately, synaptic buttons are one order smaller and 
are rapidly destroyed after death. To build them bach, we need to map some 
brain part down to molecular level, this can only be done with X-rays. 

Given the MRI map, the synaptic buttons location is known at one micrometer 
precision, there is no need to x-ray scan the full brain, only the 
interesting zones. This may be 0.0.1 percent of the full volume. The main 
interests here is the reduce the radiation load and use only very small x-ray 
lenses. Millimeter scale lenses are readily available, a brain scale one is 
not on the market.

 To limit radiation damages, the X-ray system must work in the quantum 
non-demolition mode (QND mode). This mode asks for very long wave packets, 
such photons can only be produced in lasers with a very low perturbation 
environment. This in found only in the nucleus. The problem is then to 
produce a nuclear X-ray laser. Up to now, only accelerator induced nuclear 
reactions have been used to pump x-lasers. This is enormously costly and very 
inefficient.

Another solution is to use entangled lower energy photons. For example, 10 
entangled photon, each with 1 electon-volt energy behave as a single 10 eV 
photon. Light is in the eV energy range, X-ray in the 10 - 100 kilo eV (1KeV 
= 1000 eV).

Two years ago I have described that system, the new element here is the use 
of both, MRI and x-ray laser to solve the optical X-ray problem.

Yvan Bozzonetti.



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