X-Message-Number: 18903
From: 
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 12:37:55 EDT
Subject: Brain reading with magic mirrors

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Brain reader: Pumping the X-ray laser.

The more challenging element of a brain reader is the X-ray laser. When 
nuclear explosions and big particle accelerators are not at hand, only 
entangled photons may be used. Ordinary lasers produce their radiation in the 
optical or infra-red part of the spectrum. This is the .1 to 3 electron-volt 
energy range (one eV is the energy gained by an electron accelerated by a 
potential difference of one volt). To pump a laser, we must excite the 
radiation producing element (atom or nucleus) with an energy larger than the 
one radiated. In a typical case, the atom is excited to a unstable level, 
this one decay to a meta-stable level and the laser radiation is produced by 
the decay of the meta-stable level to the ground state. To produce an X-ray 
laser, the exciting energy may well be in the mega eV (MeV). The source of 
the problem is that to get long wave packets for a Quantum Non-Demolition 
interferometer, many entangled X-ray photons must be radiated at the same 
time by the source. For example, we could pump a nucleus with on MeV, the 
unstable energy level would decay to a 512 KeV meta-stable level (nearly half 
the energy is lost here) and then a multi-mode laser produces 64 X-ray 
photons, each with 8 KeV energy. At the exit we recover 64 X-ray beams in a 
sea urchin  geometry.

To pump Mev scale energy with eV scale photons, ask for an entangled system 
with up to one million light photons. At most, dye lasers may have an output 
with 200 to 1 000 entangled photons, Non-linear crystals may down convert a 
single photon into two entangled ones, each with half the energy of the 
original one.

One solution is then to use a dye laser, put a down converter on each of the 
1000 or so exit beams to get 2000 beams and then on each one to put a second 
stage dye laser working in amplifier mode. The exit contains 2000 000 beams, 
they must be redirected to a single target point: the X-ray laser.

The second solution is to have 1000 optical dye lasers in parallel, take one 
beam of each and combine it in a up converter with one beam from the next 
laser. All photons are then entangled for all lasers.

The third solution is a new one: It bypass the dye laser stage (they must be 
pumped by another laser and are very inefficient, at most 0.2 percent of the 
pumping energy is recovered at the exit).The idea is to send a beam of 
independent photons between two near parallel flat mirrors. at the entry, the 
distance between mirrors is near one wavelength, or half a micrometer for 
optical photons. The gap then narrow to well under the wavelength. If this 
exit gap is (1/n) wavelength wide, then n photons will be entangled. At most, 
with atom scale mirror polishing, one thousand photons could be entangled. 
given that technological requirement and performance limitation, I had not 
taken that option into account two years ago.

The new idea is to use holographic mirrors. These are built as an 
interference picture inside a photographic emulsion  Interferometric systems 
may define dimensions without limits, the atomic scale here is irrelevant. An 
interferometer one million wavelength long can ?see? a length one millionth 
of a wavelength long, even if that is beyond atomic scale. Because the width 
between the two mirrors is perpendicular to the photon path, if we want to 
define that width at the millionth of wavelength level, we must have an 
hologram one million wavelength thick. This is half a meter or so in the 
optical range. At first, photographic slides half a meter thick is not common 
stuff. Such srange ?slides? have nevertheless been produced and used for many 
years in the cosmic rays detection domain. The know how to produce them in an 
amateur-like environment is well established and readily available.

Common lasers have a coherence length - the length for witch they can produce 
unbroken  interferences- near one meter. So, they can on a to and fro travel, 
produce an interference picture half a meter thick. The idea is then to make 
a flat mercury mirror and take two holograms of it in the same ?photographic 
jelly?. The mirror defects will be reproduced in the two pictures, so that a 
bump in one hologram will be matched by an identical one in the second. That 
system must allows   to entangle up to one million light photons, giving a 
total energy on the target nucleus near 3 MeV.

As a side bonus, such a laser system would readily start a thermonuclear 
reaction on a fusion target, without any fission bomb. It is then a mere 
staging process to get any requested power.

On a non fusion target it could bring together two or more heavy nucleus so 
that their electric field would form degenerate electronic orbits: The field 
would extract electrons from empty space and reject positons (anti-matter 
electrons). That would form multi-nucleus atoms, a basic form of degenerate 
matter found inside white dwarf stars. The atomic numbers seems, from 
calculations escalate up to something as 1500 (92 only for uranium).

This is nearly alchemy, a strange by-product of brain reading technology :-).

Yvan Bozzonetti.



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