X-Message-Number: 20864
From: 
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2003 10:21:24 EST
Subject: rabbit kidneys

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Yvan Bozzonetti mentioned my earlier post on 21 CM rabbit kidneys. Actually, 
that post was somewhat in error--I gave them not quite enough credit in one 
sense, a little too much credit in another.

As reported at a fairly recent Alcor meeting, the 21 CM people can now load 
and unload a "vitrifiable concentration" of cryoprotectant in rabbit kidneys 
with 100% viability. But they have NOT retrieved any viable kidneys after 
actual vitrification. They have only revived kidneys after cooling to around 
-  50 C, not cold enough for vitrification. And as far as I am aware, they 
make no claims at all about brains.

But Yvan's continued insistence that washout of perfusate is a big problem 
does not seem reasonable. Many systems, including some small mammalian organs 
(rat ovary, rat parathyroid), have been revived after freezing, with washout 
obviously successful. Certainly Yvan is right that larger and more complex 
organs, especially the brain, pose more of a problem--but on the magnitude of 
the problem he is only guessing. Dr. Pichugin obtained coordinated electrical 
activity in networks of neurons after warming rabbit brain pieces from liquid 
nitrogen temperature. (See our web site.)

Robert Ettinger
Cryonics Institute
Immortalist Society
www.cryonics.org

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