X-Message-Number: 21501 From: Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 16:34:48 EST Subject: Quantization for nanotech --part1_173.17f67ad5.2bb76b78_boundary Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit As said before, I have always been surprised by the lack of quantum "consciousness" in most projected nanosystems. It seems "nano" is a cover word able to sell anything and with nearly nothing really "nano" behind. Most systems are in fact in the micro mechanics domain, sometime called topdown nanomachines to save the face. True nano devices would be built for their new properties, that is, as quantum nano devices. I have given an example with the enzyme quantum computer. So may be, before going "nano" we must rediscover what is quantum mechanics. It is always instructive to rewrite the history, so why not go back at start of quantum mechanics, it will be a good place to see what could be done with that science. At the end of 19th century, the general feeling was that everything important had been discovered, given the knowledge level in classical physics, that attitude was understandable. Then came Planck and his black body radiation experiment. It was set so that it was able to measure a quantity called action, the product of energy and time. There was an elementary value for action, we call now h or Planck's constant. Schrodinger, a very good mathematician, took that as starting point and found what was the physical theory consequences. I'll try to build back his thinking path here: Because Planck's experiment got an answer in term of action, the first task was to find an action based expression for the classical dynamics, that was the Jacobi formalism. So, the first theory would be Jacobi's dynamics with the unit of action or h constant. Jacobi formalism introduces a phase space in 6 dimensions: 3 space ones and 3 for impulsion with negative square, so the 6 dimensions have square signs: + + + - - -, this is called the trace of space. Whatever the coordinate transform used, the trace remains the same. That space don't include time, another negative square dimension, so to take into account time evolution, there must be a seven dimensional space with trace looking as: + + + - - - -. That space was unworkable in the Jacobi frame system, so Schrodinger had to fi nd something else. Today we would say that the solution was to double the phase space, not simply adding a single time dimension. Schrodinger could not know that, so he took another way: He got back to the basic +++ space, added to it "by hand" an exterior time dimension and generalized a derivative in the Jacobi equation to cement the hole left by the deletion of - - - coordinates. This is what we know as the Schrodinger's wave equation. The space is: +++(time). This don't include a 4th dimension so the equation is not relativist. To solve that,P.A.M. DIrac built another equation using in fact: + + + (time) -, this was the second quantization. In this formalism, deleted impulsion coordinates come back as a supplementary quantization! So there must be a 3rd, a 4th quantization to recover the full initial space... The 3rd quantization must be built on the next quantum approximation after Dirac: The Einstein-Klein-Gordon equation. That quantization has been published some 20 years ago as the quantization of rest mass, it has got some mentions in works on black hole and similar subjects, this is so far from everyday life that nearly nobody bother about it. Well, my feeling is that this view is flawed: something somewhere don't fit: A time parameter seems to have been forgotten. If it is taken into account, the theory must describe the thermodynamics energy conservation, nearly the same thing as before, but the context is not the same: It would apply to the relative zero energy in two otherwise closed thermodynamics systems. One such system could be the ordinary space one and the other the closed space inside an hadron particle (proton, neutron). This is a domain far more simpler to reach than black holes in far away galaxies. The entropy pumping system used in thermonuclear devices could be seen as a borderline application of 3rd quantization. Did Stanislaw Ulam, the inventor of the system knew about that? Hard to say in that domain where information flow is somewhat restricted. We could define the 3rd quantization as the one making a link between atomic and quark domain. What about the 4th? It would be built on the next quantum step, the dual theory, something that turn light into matter and matter into light. More precisely it exchange Bose-Einstein and Fermi statistics between half integer and integer spins or intrinsic angular momentum. For example, spin one gluons would get a rest mass and a Fermi (matter) statistic. Quarks with half integer spins, would lost rest mass and obey Bose-Einstein statistic, something seen in energy particles. So the 4th quantization is something working on the exchange quark-gluon. Well, this is very sketchy, it give only a first taste of what is going on here. With four quantizations, the natural space of Jacobi's dynamics would be recovered so a new quantization kind could be introduced without more parameter: the quantum Jacobi equation, simply the classical one with h added. This one has no time included so it can be accessed from different epochs. this is a time communication system far more subtler than the raw supersymetric event. Only nanosystems seem able to handle the Jacobi's quantum process and the four underlying quantizations. How to create the Jacobi quantum state? It is as the pilling up of an infinite number of dynamical points. In quantum mechanics, working with one quantum "object" at many separate points is called entanglement, so at least one form of Jacobi's quantization is made of entanglements extended to all four quantizations. Y. B. --part1_173.17f67ad5.2bb76b78_boundary Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII" [ AUTOMATICALLY SKIPPING HTML ENCODING! ] Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=21501