X-Message-Number: 27428
From: "Basie" <>
Subject: evolutionarily conserved capacity 
Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2005 20:31:50 -0500

Nutrition & Metabolism 2005, 2:30     doi:10.1186/1743-7075-2-30

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found 
online at: http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/2/1/30

Received   22 August 2005
Accepted   21 October 2005
Published   21 October 2005

  2005 Seyfried and Mukherjee; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative 
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), 
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any 
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords: glioma, vascularity, caloric restriction, ketone bodies, metabolic 
control analysis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, Warburg

Outline   Abstract

Abstract
Introduction
Metabolic Control Analysis
Energy Metabolism in Normal Brain Cells
Ketones and Free Radicals
Energy Metabolism in Brain Tumors
Dietary Energy and Brain Cancer
Metabolic Control of Brain Cancer: An Evolutionary Perspective
Abbreviations
Acknowledgements
References


Malignant brain tumors are a significant health problem in children and 
adults and are often unmanageable. As a metabolic disorder involving the 
dysregulation of glycolysis and respiration, malignant brain cancer is 
potentially manageable through changes in metabolic environment. A radically 
different approach to brain cancer management is proposed that combines 
metabolic control analysis with the evolutionarily conserved capacity of 
normal cells to survive extreme shifts in physiological environment. In 
contrast to malignant brain tumors that are largely dependent on glycolysis 
for energy, normal neurons and glia readily transition to ketone bodies 
(?-hydroxybutyrate) for energy in vivo when glucose levels are reduced. The 
bioenergetic transition from glucose to ketone bodies metabolically targets 
brain tumors through integrated anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and 
pro-apoptotic mechanisms. The approach focuses more on the genomic 
flexibility of normal cells than on the genomic defects of tumor cells and 
is supported from recent studies in orthotopic mouse brain tumor models and 
in human pediatric astrocytoma treated with dietary energy restriction and 
the ketogenic diet.

>Evolutionarily conserved capacity of normal cells to survive extreme shifts 
>in physiological environment.  >Normal neurons and glia readily transition 
>to ketone bodies (?-hydroxybutyrate) for energy in vivo when >glucose 
>levels are reduced.

The above quote is of importance to cryonics.

Basie 

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