X-Message-Number: 3646
Date: Sun, 8 Jan 1995 22:41:43 -0800
From: John K Clark <>
Subject: SCI.CRYONICS Uploading Yourself

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As usual Robert  Ettinger gives us a lot to think about.

	>a description or an analog of a thing is not the thing.
	  
I'm not entirely sure that's true but even if it is , I'm not a
thing. The word "I" should not be a pronoun but a adjective, An
adjective modifying matter. It's the way matter reacts when it's
organized  in certain complex ways. That's the reason we remain
the same person from one year to the next (or do we ?) even
though all our atoms are different , the matter still reacts the
same way. This also gives us some reason for hope. To destroy a
adjective like "red" you would have to destroy all the red
things in the universe, at the very least . To destroy a more
complex adjective like "John Clark" would be easier because
right now, only one object has this property. My hope is that
Nanotechnology will change this. If I'm wrong about this and I
really am a noun , when I die I'm sunk.

Some think a "simulated" mind would not be a "real" mind, I
think there wrong.  A simulated flame is certainly not identical
to a real flame but to say it has absolutely no reality can lead
to problems. Suppose you say that for a fire to be real it must
have some immaterial essence of fire, a sort of "burning" soul,
thus a simulated flame does not really burn because it just
changes the pattern in a computer memory. The trouble is using
the same reasoning you could say a real fire doesn't really
burn, because it just oxidizes chemicals; but really a flame
can't even do that, it just obeys the laws of chemistry. If we
continue with this we soon reach a point where nothing is real
but elementary particles and the laws of physics, an obvious
absurdity. 

I think a simulated flame is real at one level but care must be
taken not to confuse levels. A simulated flame won't burn your
computer but it will burn a simulated object. A real flame won't
burn the laws of chemistry but it will burn your finger. The
more abstract something is the more accurate the simulation can
be. A phonograph plays real music not simulated music. A
computer does real arithmetic  not simulated arithmetic and when
computers are big enough they will have real minds not simulated
minds. A artificial noun is not the same as a real noun but a
artificial  adjective is the same as a real adjective.  A
simulated concrete object is not the same as a real object but a
"simulated" mind is identical to a real mind.

I can't prove that consciousness would be preserved in a
computer, the only consciousness I can prove exists is my own
and that proof is available only to me. I think we just have to
assume that when something, like other people, act conscious
they are conscious. 

	       >It is conceivable that "information is everything" in SOME
	       >sense, but it is also possible, even likely, that ONLY a
	       >hydrogen atom can contain ALL the information about itself in
	       >the volume and mass of a hydrogen atom. 
	       
I don't think this would be a problem. Regardless of how much
information is in hydrogen atom as long as it's the same it
wouldn't matter which hydrogen atom you specified. We recycle
atoms constantly so it's unlikely to be the source of our identity.
	       
	      >Turing's tape is the paradigm general purpose computer, which
	      >can in principle perform any calculation that any               
	      >computer--serial or parallel--can. But it can't do
	      >two things at once, which may well be essential for a self
	      
As long as the tape was fast enough in switching between one
task and another you wouldn't notice it wasn't doing two things
at once. I think the difference between a serial and parallel
computer is an engineering consideration not a qualitative
distinction. I can't prove that parallel computing won't lead
to different subjective experiences of some sort but were
leaving science now and entering meta physics. Nothing wrong
with meta physics really,it's just not my cup of tea.
	      
It would probably be much more difficult to build an intelligent
serial computer than a parallel one but this is practicality and
were talking philosophy here. It is well known that philosophy
has absolutely nothing to do with anything practical.  
		
	       >I have repeatedly and emphatically insisted that intelligence
	       >is not the stuff of life or humanity or consciousness: the
	       >central role goes to FEELING, the capacity to
	       >experience pleasure and pain and the like, the subjective
	       >condition.
		
I agree that feelings are what we want to preserve but
subjective experience is not science. The only consciousness we
have DIRECT experience of is our own. We infer the consciousness
in other people by observing behavior and using a theory or
model  that interprets actions to there assumed internal
experience. The theory could be wrong.  I'm sure people will
come up with plausible sounding theories that say that certain
brain architecture's could lead to identical behavior but
different subjective experience, I'm sure they'll come up with
hundreds of them . Which one is correct? You could only use
yourself to test them on and that's not enough, your brain is
unique so awareness could be unique to you.       
		
	 >Turing Test is neither necessary  nor sufficient to prove humanity.
		
The Turing Test is sufficient but Turing  never said it was
necessary , after all the subject  might just refuse to
cooperate with the tester and remain silent resulting in a score
of zero.  The Turing Test was not really invented by Turing, it
is very old and is  used by all of us constantly ,I am sure you
are using it at this moment  and I am sure I am the subject of
the test. It is the only way we have ( or should have) of
judging  people, by their actions . That's why I never had any
patience with the anti AI crowd when they tried to find flaws in
the test, it may not be perfect but its worked very well for a
long time and its all we have.
		
Having said that I must nevertheless admit that strictly
speaking  The Turing test is for intelligence not consciousness.
Personally I am convinced that the two are inseparable but I
would have a difficult time disproving the statement "I am the
only conscious being in the universe". 
		
	    >Surely you must, then, admit that even if the computer/program
	    >is so bright it  fools everybody, it still MIGHT not be         
	    >conscious. 
	   
Logically it's possible but unlikely, as unlikely as you being
the only conscious being in the universe. I believe intelligence
without consciousness is impossible otherwise genetic  drift
would have eliminated  all consciousness long ago and I am
certain that  at least one instance of it still exists. That's
why the Turing test works.
	   
	   >the mere discussion of these issues may awaken some minds to
	   >wider horizons, a sense of awe and adventure and unbounded 
	   >possibilities.
	    
Well said, and I couldn't agree with you more. This is one of the
few areas of philosophy that has practical and personal consequences.
	      
				 John K Clark           

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