X-Message-Number: 4238
From:  (Brian Wowk)
Newsgroups: sci.cryonics
Subject: Re: Cyroprotective Proteins ?
Date: 17 Apr 1995 20:07:34 GMT
Message-ID: <3muhq6$>

References: <3mjmoj$> 
<3mndc2$>

In <3mndc2$>  (Jim0123) writes:

>     You make an issue of the various metabolic processes which
>     terminate at distinct temperatures. However, is this a
>     problem if the body is chilled very quickly - say via an
>     external blood-chiller which could perfuse the body with
>     near-freezing plasma within minutes ? Which, if any,
>     metabolic reactions are still going on at -5C ... or maybe
>     -15c if freezing-inhibitors are used ? 

	I am not an expert in cryobiology, so I will simply say 
this: Millions of dollars have been spent trying to solve this
problem for transplantation purposes over the last twenty odd
years.  The best solutions found were flush-and-store on ice
near 0'C, and most recently vitrification at -130'C.  High-
subzero "hibernation" is a no-mans land, fraught with problems
not likely to be solved for decades.  Finally, if you think
cryonics is expensive now (3$ a day for whole-body storage)
wait till you see how much active hibernation will cost
(hint: think hospital ICU). 

>>	The basic approach used by cryonics and transplant
>>medicine for hypothermic storage is blood substitution.  Blood
>>is replaced by a special perfusate that is designed to 
>>minimize metabolic imbalances at low temperatures.  

>     "Special perfusate" ... ?

	UW Solution (developed by Belzer and Southard at the
University of Wisconsin, and sold under the trade name Viaspan
by DuPont) has been used by both transplant surgeons and cryonics
technicians for hypothermic transport since about 1990.  A couple
of cryonics firms, BioPreservation, Inc. and I believe Trans Time,
Inc. also have their own proprietary perfusates.  

>     You seem to imagine that there will be a large supply of
>     brainless bodies to transplant these brains into. For
>     such things to be, we are talking REALLY long-term
>     here - and there are just too many things which can
>     go wrong. Better concentrate on whole bodies ... 
>     assuming anyone has the time, resources or interest
>     in reviving the frozen, don't burden them with having
>     to provide whole bodies also. 

	The technology to grow whole bodies (without a brain)
starting from a single cell is already demonstrated in nature
(anencephalic babies).  It is not hard to imagine that in
2095 artificial wombs will exist within which new bodies
will grow around the brains of patients who suffer severe
traumatic injuries.  This is just one small subset of the
kind of technology that will exist once genetic control
of growth and development is understood.  Think of it as
the culmination of research into nerve and limb regeneration
that is already underway today. 

	The concerns you raise (long-time course, things that
can go wrong, burdenning people, etc.) are arguments for
neuropreservation, not against it.  Needless to say, it also
costs a lot less than whole-body preservation. 

>     In the meanwhile, you speak of vitrification. Have these
>     organs been VIABLE once thawed ?

	Yes, for kidneys.  The technology, originally developed 
by the Red Cross, is now owned by a biotech company called Organ, 
Inc.  It is now jumping through various technical and FDA hoops
to get it to market.

>     I just don't think cyronics is *real* ... and it won't be real
>     for quite a number of years to come. The technical issues
>     seem quite formidible, but they pale in comparison to 
>     the issues of time and expense. Who's to say that a new
>     religion won't take root which requires the cremation
>     of all bodies - to 'liberate their souls' or some such
>     theological tripe ? As things are, cyronics has only two
>     redeeming features (a) it keeps research moving forward
>     and (b) a 0.00001% chance of revival is better than 0.0%
>     any day. 

>     --Jim

	Cryonics is real, people are really doing it.  The oldest
cryonics patient has been in continuous cryopreservation for
almost 30 years (under the care of several organizations, some
now failed).  30 years is a long time-- perhaps 20% of the total
distance this patient must travel to reach the medicine he needs.

	Yes, people and organizations are evanescent.  But the
*idea* of cryonics is here to stay.  More than any individual
people, it is the *idea*-- passed from generation to generation
to generation --that will keep cryonics (and cryonics
patients) going into the future. 

	 Cryonics is not about odds,
or faith in people of the future.  It is about the work we do
right here, right now, today.  This work impacts the chances
of cryonics working so much, that the very idea of "odds"
is undefined in this context.

Brian Wowk
Director, CryoCare Foundation

P.S. Jim, I could not help but notice how "19th Century" your 
comments were in your other recent cryonics post.  Have you read
anything at all about molecular nanotechnology?  Corporations,
Universities, and Governments are starting to take this
emerging technology seriously in their long-term planning.
Maybe you should too before making bold pronouncements about
the absolute irreversibility of freezing injuries. 


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